景守武;张捷;

• 1:暨南大学资源环境与可持续发展研究所
• 2:暨南大学经济学院

摘要(Abstract)：

横向生态补偿是实现流域跨界环境治理的重要方式。本文在对横向生态补偿如何促进水环境治理的内在机制进行制度分析的基础上,将安徽省和浙江省实施的新安江流域横向生态补偿试点视为自然实验,采用2007—2015年地级以上城市面板数据,结合基础设施、产业结构、对外开放、科技投入以及"五水共治"等控制变量,运用双重差分法研究了新安江流域跨省横向生态补偿试点对水污染强度的影响。在横向生态补偿中,水质达标时上游地区获得补偿,水质不达标时下游地区获得赔偿,通过水质标准明晰了上下游地区的发展权和环境权,并且通过环境绩效考核指标来实现制度的激励与约束相容,进而实现横向生态补偿保护生态环境的政策目标。研究发现,在分离了其他影响水污染强度的控制变量后,新安江流域横向生态补偿试点显著地降低了上游黄山市和下游杭州市的水污染强度,并且政策效果具有可持续性。通过改变政策实施前后的窗期、变换样本对照组、将工业水污染强度作为被解释变量以及采用倾向得分匹配双重差分法重新回归,检验结果依然具有较强的稳健性。跨省流域横向生态补偿机制可以有效地促进流域生态环境的改善,是中国推进流域治理以及环境治理和生态文明建设的重要制度创新,在不断完善的基础上加以推广,横向生态补偿有望成为流域生态环境保护和区域协调发展的长效机制。最后,从逐步推广横向流域生态补偿至中小流域,将生态补偿与精准扶贫、产业补偿等方式相结合以及在实施横向生态补偿过程中要注意地区之间的不平衡等三个方面提出相应的政策建议。

关键词(KeyWords)： 跨省流域横向生态补偿;水污染强度;双重差分法;新安江流域

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国重点生态功能区市场化生态补偿机制研究”(批准号:15ZDA054)

作者(Author): 景守武;张捷;

Email:

DOI:

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