张超;王韬;陈伟强;刘刚;杜欢政;

• 1:同济大学经济与管理学院
• 2:同济大学可持续发展与新型城镇化智库
• 3:联合国环境署-同济大学环境与可持续发展学院
• 4:同济大学循环经济研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

本文采用社会经济系统物质流分析方法,构建中国钢铁物质代谢核算模型。采用"以流量估算存量"的方法,建立了中国钢铁产品流量和在用存量的历史时间序列数据;并采用"以存量估算流量"的情景分析方法,递推计算了钢铁产品国内需求的长期趋势。结果显示,2014年中国人均钢铁在用存量达到4.57 t,已经接近发达国家饱和水平的一半。全部在用存量平均寿命期35年、人均存量饱和水平12 t的中情景不仅可以较好地再现历史趋势,也符合当前绿色发展和资源集约利用的政策趋势,未来出现的可能性较大。该情景下,钢铁最终产品国内消费量在2020年达到6.7亿t的峰值,2040年下降至4.2亿t。假定进出口比重和加工损耗率维持2012—2014年平均水平不变,则对应的粗钢产量峰值约为9.0亿t,表观消费量峰值约为8.3亿t。按照目前钢铁行业化解产能过剩的任务要求,到2020年粗钢产能将缩减至10~10.5亿t,届时产能利用率有望回升至80%以上。但长期来看,随着本世纪中叶中国城市化进程基本完成,人均钢铁存量趋向饱和,国内需求下滑的趋势无法改变,钢铁产能过剩将是一个长期问题。化解产能过剩矛盾必须从需求和供给两方面同时入手。本文提出将粗钢产能压减的中远期政策调控目标设定为2030年9亿t、2040年7.5亿t左右,这样既能满足国内需求,又可保持较高的产能利用率,同时向国际市场提供1~1.5亿t净出口,从而在缓解国内供给过剩和减少出口贸易摩擦之间寻求平衡。

关键词(KeyWords)： 钢铁;产能过剩;需求模拟;物质流分析;在用存量;产量峰值

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 同济大学“中央高校基本科研业务费”学科交叉类项目“中国资源效率全生命周期评估与‘脱钩’研究”

作者(Author): 张超;王韬;陈伟强;刘刚;杜欢政;

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DOI:

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